BRUSSELS, Roosevelt district, HOUSE (5bed/3bur/4bath) with ±405 sqm of living space. Beautiful Art Deco architecture tinged with Beaux-Arts style built in 1936, the house is composed as follows: First floor: Entrance hall, guest toilet, spacious reception room (±64sqm) with access to terrace (±15sqm), separate fully-equipped kitchen (±15sqm). 1st floor: separate toilet and two magnificent bedrooms (±35 - 18sqm), one with balcony and shared bathroom. 2nd floor: two bedrooms (±29 and 19sqm), one with balcony, shared bathroom, ±15sqm bedroom, shower room, separate toilet. Rooftop with magnificent view of the Bois de la Cambre. First floor: 2 offices on street side, machine room, boiler room, 3rd office, kitchenette, shower room with toilet and separate toilet. Wine cellar. Wine cellar. PEB : E-. Discover it at L&P! Want to know more?
House to rent - Elsene
Ideally located on the prestigious Avenue Molière opposite Place Guy d'Arezzo, sublime mansion renovated in 2015 with a total surface area of ± 502 m². It consists of an entrance hall with a cloakroom and a water closet, a sumptuous living room (3 adjoining rooms of approximately 47.15 m²), a pretty dining room (± 15.50 m²), a fully equipped kitchen, 5 beautiful bedrooms (± 37 m², ± 18.15 m², ± 19.50 m², ± 18.70 m² and ± 43 m²) including the master suite with its dressing room area and its bathroom and shower, a pretty office (± 17.60 m²), 2 independent bathrooms, a shower room and an equipped laundry room. Large terraces and a pretty city garden. Cellar in the first basement, a garage and an outdoor parking space. Alarm, private elevator and quality materials. Charges: €150/month (fixed price for elevator, boiler, and alarm maintenance). PEB D-. Discover it as soon as possible! Want to know more?
This charming one-bedroom duplex apartment located on Rue Philippe Baucq in Elsene offers an ideal living space for those seeking comfort and convenience in Brussels. With approximately 26 square meters of habitable area, this fully furnished residence combines functional design with a cozy ambiance. The apartment is currently available for sublet at a rental price of €800 per month, making it an attractive option for students, young professionals, or anyone needing short-term accommodation in the city. The property is situated in a quiet and secure neighborhood, close to essential amenities including shops, public transportation, and key EU institutions, providing excellent connectivity and ease of access to the vibrant heart of Brussels. The layout of the apartment maximizes the use of space efficiently. On the ground floor, you will find an inviting entrance area that leads into a dining zone and a small yet comfortable living space, perfectly suited for relaxation or working from home. The fully equipped kitchen features essential appliances such as a fridge and stove, along with basic utensils to support daily living needs. Adjacent to this area is a private bathroom fitted with a shower, ensuring comfort and privacy. Ascending to the cozy sleeping area under a charming sloped roof, you will discover a double bed and sufficient storage, creating a serene retreat after busy days. The apartment benefits from gas heating, providing warmth during colder months, and is also equipped with air conditioning, although pets are not permitted within the property. Located in the sought-after district of Elsene, this residence offers a perfect blend of tranquility and accessibility. The neighborhood is known for its safety and peaceful environment, yet it remains close to the lively city center of Brussels, making it an excellent choice for those who want to enjoy the city's cultural, social, and professional opportunities without sacrificing comfort. Available from October 27, 2025, this property is ideal for tenants looking for a short-term rental in a prime Brussels location. For those interested in this unique opportunity, contacting the listing agent will facilitate a smooth rental process. Don’t miss the chance to make this cozy apartment your temporary home in Brussels—reach out today to arrange a viewing or for further information. Want to know more?
*** VISITES ET RENSEIGNEMENTS UNIQUEMENT AU ### *** Bureau GP vous propose, dans le quartier recherché des Étangs d’Ixelles – Flagey, magnifique maison de Maître de style Horta alliant charme et authenticité. Elle comprend un vaste hall d’entrée, 3 pièces en enfilade, une cuisine super-équipée donnant sur terrasse et jardin, une pièce véranda à l’entre-étage, 5 chambres, 3 pièces d’eau, un grand grenier et une cave buanderie. Éléments d’époque conservés : hauts plafonds, moulures, sols d’origine. Possibilité de parking à 200 m (150€/mois). Libre immédiatement. !!! Pas de colocation!!! Les renseignements et superficies sont donnés à titre indicatif et non contractuel. Ne tardez pas à planifier une visite, coup de cœur assuré ! Privilégiez les SMS au ### et le mail ### en précisant votre nom et l’adresse du bien qui vous intéresse. Want to know more?
Nestled in the highly sought-after district of Elsene, this exquisite rear house offers an exceptional opportunity for those seeking comfort, style, and tranquility in a vibrant neighborhood. Located on Rue du Page 66, this property benefits from a peaceful, enclosed setting in a quiet enclave, providing a rare oasis within the heart of the city. Recently renovated to the highest standards, this charming residence combines modern elegance with functional design, making it an ideal home for discerning tenants who appreciate quality craftsmanship and contemporary amenities. The property is available for rent at €2,700 per month, with a security deposit of €5,400 and a maintenance fee of €125, ensuring a hassle-free living experience in a well-maintained environment. This spacious home boasts approximately 205 square meters of living space spread across three levels, offering a well-balanced layout that caters to both relaxation and productivity. The ground floor features a luminous living room of around 40 m², illuminated by a large veranda of 23 m² that seamlessly connects indoor comfort with outdoor serenity. The living area is accentuated by a beautiful hardwood floor and a modern fireplace, creating a warm and inviting atmosphere. Adjacent to the living room is a fully equipped, brand-new kitchen of about 11 m², designed with contemporary appliances and ample storage, opening directly to the lush garden. A guest toilet with a washbasin completes this level. Upstairs, the first floor houses a substantial master bedroom of approximately 22 m², complete with a small storage area and a private en-suite shower room featuring a shower, washbasin, and toilet. Two additional bedrooms of 13 m² each, one with a mezzanine for sleeping, are also located on this level, all adorned with attractive flooring that enhances the overall aesthetic. An elegant family room of about 15 m², situated on the second floor within a mezzanine, offers versatile space that can serve as an office or an additional bedroom. This level also features a complete bathroom measuring roughly 7 m², equipped with a bathtub, shower, washbasin, and toilet. Beyond the interiors, the property offers a beautiful, west-facing garden of approximately 100 m², providing a private outdoor retreat to enjoy sunny afternoons or tranquil evenings. The garden’s generous size and orientation make it perfect for relaxing or entertaining guests, all within a peaceful setting in one of the most desirable neighborhoods of Elsene. The entire property rests on a 300 m² plot of land, complemented by essential services such as gas and water connections. The property’s energy performance certificate (EPC) is valid until March 7, 2034, with a primary energy consumption of 262 kWh/m²/year and an associated CO₂ emission of 52, underscoring its efficiency and environmental consciousness. Whether you are seeking a family home or a charming residence that combines style with practicality, this property is a true hidden gem in a prestigious area. For those interested in leasing this remarkable property, immediate contact is recommended to arrange a viewing and explore the possibility of making this exceptional residence your new home. Want to know more?
Experience the perfect blend of space, comfort, and modernity with this spacious mixed building available for rent in Elsene. Situated at Avenue de la Couronne, this property offers a generous total ground surface of 200 m², making it an ideal choice for tenants seeking ample living space. The property is fully furnished, ensuring a move-in-ready experience, and includes a garage with one indoor parking space to meet your vehicle storage needs. Additionally, the presence of a balcony provides an outdoor extension of the living space, perfect for relaxing or entertaining guests. With a monthly rent of €2,998 and a security deposit of €3,000, this rental offers excellent value in a prime location. This property features three bedrooms, each providing comfort and privacy, although specific interior details such as bedroom sizes are not provided. The building is currently not rented out and will be available from August 23, 2025, giving prospective tenants ample time to plan their move. While no air conditioning is included, the furnished setup and the outdoor balcony contribute to an inviting living environment. The absence of pet restrictions broadens its appeal to tenants with animals, and the parking facilities enhance convenience for residents with vehicles. The building's overall layout and amenities are tailored to meet modern living standards, combining practicality with style. Elsene is renowned for its vibrant community life and excellent amenities, making it a highly desirable location for tenants looking for a balanced urban lifestyle. Proximity to local shops, restaurants, parks, and cultural sites adds to the appeal of this residence. Whether you are relocating for work or seeking a comfortable home base in Brussels, this property offers a compelling opportunity. For further details or to arrange a viewing, please contact us—this well-located and thoughtfully equipped property is ready to welcome new tenants who value quality and convenience. Want to know more?
Ideally located in the highly sought-after Étangs d'Ixelles - Flagey district, this magnificent 300m² master house combines period charm with modern comforts. It comprises a vast entrance hall, 3 superb adjoining rooms with high ceilings adorned with moldings, a fitted kitchen opening onto a terrace and the garden. On the mezzanine level, a luminous veranda offers additional space ideal for an office or reading corner. Upstairs are 5 bedrooms, 3 shower rooms and a large attic offering multiple conversion possibilities. A cellar with laundry room completes this property. You'll be immediately seduced by the authenticity and cachet of the house: original parquet floors, moldings, antique floors and generous volumes. Possibility of renting a parking space 200m away for 150 euros/month (optional). Available immediately. PEB D - Want to know more?
Discover a charming residence for rent in the vibrant neighborhood of Elsene, offering a cozy and well-maintained living space perfect for those seeking tranquility in the heart of the city. Situated at the address in Elsene with the reference number VBD34811, this property presents an excellent opportunity for comfortable living within easy reach of local amenities and cultural hotspots. Priced at €950 per month, this residence combines practical features with an inviting atmosphere, making it a compelling choice for tenants looking for quality accommodation in Brussels. This delightful residence encompasses a total living area of approximately 40 square meters, thoughtfully arranged to maximize comfort and functionality. It includes two bedrooms, providing ample space for relaxation or work-from-home setups, and a carefully appointed bathroom fitted with modern fixtures. The spacious kitchen, measuring around 15 square meters, is equipped with high-quality appliances and offers a dining area, creating an ideal setting for everyday living and entertaining. Step outside onto the private terrace of 14 square meters, oriented southwest to enjoy ample sunlight and outdoor leisure. Additional features include a communal cellar and laundry area, enhancing convenience and storage options, while the property’s gas heating system ensures efficient warmth during colder months. Located in a lively yet peaceful part of Elsene, this property benefits from excellent connectivity and proximity to local amenities, parks, and transportation links. The vibrant Brussels neighborhood offers a rich blend of cultural attractions, shops, cafes, and services that cater to a modern urban lifestyle. Available from October 15, 2025, this residence is suitable for tenants seeking a stylish and comfortable home in a sought-after location. To explore this charming property further or to schedule a viewing, potential renters are encouraged to contact CENTURY 21 Boondael at ### or via email at ### . Don’t miss this opportunity to secure a cozy and well-appointed residence in one of Brussels’ most desirable districts. Want to know more?
ATOM agency with Blandine - ### Ideally located in the heart of Châtelain, this magnificent house, renovated a few years ago, comprises: On the ground floor: a beautiful, bright living room with a fully equipped open-plan kitchen and access to a west-facing terrace. On the mezzanine: a separate toilet. On the first level: a living room with an open fireplace and a bedroom. On the second level: a bedroom with a mezzanine area and built-in wardrobes, a bathroom (bath, shower, and toilet). In the basement: storage spaces, a shower room, and a laundry area. PEB E, double glazing, gas boiler, Verisure alarm system. Possibility of renting semi-furnished or furnished. Want to know more?
This beautifully presented duplex apartment located in Elsene offers a contemporary and fully furnished living space, perfectly suited for young professionals or students seeking comfort and style in the heart of Brussels. Situated on the third floor of a well-maintained building, this property provides an ideal combination of modern design and practical amenities, ensuring a comfortable lifestyle in a vibrant neighborhood close to the lively Place Flagey and Place du Luxembourg. With a total surface area of 45 square meters, this duplex makes efficient use of space, offering a cozy yet functional environment that caters to the needs of its residents. The interior layout includes a fully equipped kitchenette, complete with all necessary cooking utensils, an air fryer, and microwave, providing a convenient cooking experience. The bright living area features a comfortable three-seater sofa and a coffee table, creating an inviting space for relaxation or socializing. A dedicated workspace is ideal for study or remote work, aligning with the needs of modern occupants. Upstairs, the spacious bedroom boasts a double bed with high-quality bedding and a large wardrobe, ensuring ample storage for personal belongings. The private bathroom with a shower and WC adds to the convenience of this well-appointed property, offering all essential facilities within easy reach. The building benefits from several included services and amenities aimed at enhancing residents' comfort. Weekly cleaning of common areas such as stairs and entrance hall maintains a clean and orderly environment. Secure bike parking inside the entrance hall, accessible via personalized entry code, offers peace of mind for cyclists. Additionally, a public laundromat located only 60 meters away provides practical laundry solutions. Available from January 1, 2026, this rental is offered at €980 per month, with a security deposit of €1,960. Please note that no official registration (domiciliation) is permitted. Interested tenants are encouraged to view the virtual tour through photos and videos available on the listing and can enjoy secure booking through HousingAnywhere, with payments released only after check-in to ensure a transparent rental process. This opportunity represents an excellent chance to enjoy a stylish, modern home in one of Brussels’ most dynamic districts. Want to know more?
This property is a mixed building available for rent situated on Place du Châtelain in the vibrant area of Elsene (Ixelles), Brussels. The building offers a total surface area of approximately 70 square meters and includes a balcony, providing outdoor space within a well-connected urban setting. The apartment itself is fully furnished, making it suitable for tenants seeking a move-in ready residence. Inside, the apartment features a modern, open-plan layout with a spacious living area that benefits from large windows, allowing for ample natural light. The fully equipped kitchen includes contemporary appliances, ideal for everyday meal preparation. The bathroom is designed with high-quality finishes and includes a walk-in shower. The sleeping area provides a comfortable space with a cozy bed and sufficient storage, creating a tranquil retreat after busy days. Located in the sought-after Place du Châtelain neighborhood, this property is surrounded by trendy cafés, boutique shops, and lively bars. The weekly Châtelain Market offers fresh produce and artisanal goods, enhancing the vibrant local atmosphere. Public transportation options such as trams and buses are easily accessible, facilitating convenient commutes around Brussels. The building is available for rent starting from July 1, 2025. Want to know more?
MYIMMO a le plaisir de vous présenter cette charmante arrière maison baignée de lumière et nichée au calme, à la lisière du Bois de la Cambre et à proximité immédiate de l'Avenue Franklin Roosevelt. Située dans une jolie cour intérieure, cette élégante maison bourgeoise de +/- 145 m² (PEB) vous séduira par son caractère unique et sa situation exceptionnelle. Elle se compose comme suit: - au rez-de-chaussée : un hall d’entrée avec vestiaire et WC visiteurs ainsi qu'une chambre ou bureau pouvant convenir à l'exercice d'une profession libérale. - au 1er étage : un lumineux séjour/salle à manger avec cuisine américaine entièrement équipée, une grande chambre avec placards intégrés ainsi qu’une salle de douche avec WC. - au 2e étage : un vaste espace polyvalent (aménageable en bureau), deux belles chambres supplémentaires, une salle de bains avec WC et un coin buanderie. DIVERS: - cave - emplacement de parking - PEB F - charges provisionnelles: 70€/mois (provision d'eau et entretien de la cour) - bail de 3 ans Cette maison pleine de charme, idéalement située en arrière d’îlot et proche de toutes les commodités, constitue un bien rare. OPPORTUNITE A NE PAS MANQUER ! Pour découvrir d'autres biens: ### Want to know more?
Discover this 261m2 house (according to PEB) completely renovated in 2025 in the vicinity of Place Flagey! The entrance hall leads to the three living rooms: living room, kitchen with central island and dining room opening onto the courtyard and garden shed. A skylight provides soft light even in the center of the living room. On the second floor, the master suite with bedroom, large dressing room and bathroom/shower with toilet. On the second floor, two secondary bedrooms with dressing room and shower room share a toilet. On the third floor, a large office space with attic and a fourth bedroom. The basement features a machine room, toilet, hobby room and laundry room with direct access to the entrance hall. The house has been tastefully renovated with quality materials and custom-made joinery. Everything has been thought through, and you'll feel it as soon as you enter the house! Provisional PEB C Photovoltaic panels available to tenant. All technical installations are from 2025. Available immediately, first occupancy! Want to know more?
Discover this back house in the Chatelain district, featuring a bright living room opening onto magnificent terraces. The private carriage entrance leads to the first tree-lined inner courtyard. On the first floor, two bedrooms with dressing rooms and a natural stone bathroom. A separate toilet completes the program on this floor. On the second floor, a large, bright living room with open kitchen and numerous windows to the outside. The whole opens onto a large terrace enjoying absolute peace and quiet. New EPC in progress Available immediately! Want to know more?
On a one-way street, literally a stone's throw from Place du Châtelain and its amenities and entertainment, this charming, light-filled single-family home of approximately 169 m² (1,800 sq ft) with a private garage is full of charm and light. A separate room on the ground floor offers access to a covered courtyard, a toilet, a washbasin, and built-in storage: ideal for a freelance professional. On the first floor, there is a hall with built-in storage, a large, bright living room, a dining area, and a fully equipped kitchen (dishwasher, hob, oven, storage, and an outdoor extractor hood). On the upper floor, there is a small hall, ideal for additional storage, two large bedrooms, and a bathroom with a bathtub and shower. Address: Rue Kindermans 10, 1000 Brussels, a short walk from Place du Châtelain, Chaussée de Waterloo, and Parc Tenbosch. Energy Efficiency Rating: G. Available immediately. Viewings: ### or via the contact form in the ad. Want to know more?
Discover an exceptional rental opportunity in the heart of Elsene with this beautifully furnished residence located on Rue Franz Merjay. Spanning approximately 240 square meters, this spacious home offers a perfect blend of comfort, style, and functionality. Designed for modern living, the property features three bedrooms and two bathrooms, providing ample space for families or professionals seeking a refined urban lifestyle. The residence is meticulously decorated and equipped with high-quality furnishings, ensuring a move-in ready experience. Its prime location in the highly sought-after area near Place Brugmann means residents will enjoy easy access to numerous restaurants, shops, and excellent transport links, making daily commutes and leisure activities effortless. This property’s combination of space, elegance, and convenience makes it a true gem in one of Brussels’ most vibrant neighborhoods. The property is available for rent at €2,700 per month, with a security deposit of €2,500 required. It is important to note that pets are not permitted in this residence, maintaining its pristine condition and tranquility. The home is offered unfurnished, providing tenants the flexibility to personalize their living space to their taste. Additionally, the residence benefits from a balcony, allowing residents to enjoy fresh air and city views. Currently not rented out, the property will be available from September 29, 2025, offering an excellent opportunity for those looking to settle into a prestigious neighborhood with all amenities within reach. Whether you are relocating for work or seeking a comfortable city home, this residence combines sophisticated living spaces with an unbeatable location. To arrange a viewing or for more information, contact us today and take the first step toward making this remarkable property your new home in Elsene. Want to know more?
IXELLES -- Excellent location on a very quiet street in the CHATELAIN neighborhood, close to public transportation, shops, and all amenities. EXPERTISSIMMO presents a superb 4-bedroom house of +/- 228m² in a condominium with indoor parking spaces and a large communal garden. It is composed as follows: GROUND FLOOR: Entrance hall with separate toilet and laundry room (washing machine and dryer available) - Beautiful dining area of +/- 19m² with access to the rear courtyard and shared garden - Fully equipped open-plan kitchen (hob, extractor hood, oven, fridge, freezer, dishwasher, and microwave) FIRST FLOOR: Spacious living room of +/- 50m² with built-in furniture and an open fireplace SECOND FLOOR: Hallway with second separate toilet - Large master bedroom of +/- 18m² with bathroom (shower and bathtub) - Second large bedroom of +/- 15m2 with private bathroom ON THE 3RD FLOOR: Hallway with bathroom (shower, bathtub, and toilet) - 2 large bedrooms of +/- 20m2 and 13m2 IN THE BASEMENT: Large parking space with storage. House in excellent condition. Will be completely repainted! Available on 01/11/2025. PEB= D. Rent: €3,100 + €50 flat rate for charges (common charges). Don't delay in arranging a viewing! LINK TO VIRTUAL TOUR: ### Want to know more?
This mixed-use building is located on Chaussée de Vleurgat in Elsene, offering a prime position in a vibrant and sought-after neighborhood. The property is situated on the ground floor of a small building comprising four apartments, providing a convenient and accessible location for tenants. Its proximity to major attractions such as Avenue Louise, Place Flagey, and the Châtelain district makes it an attractive area known for its lively atmosphere, a variety of shops, restaurants, and cafes. The apartment is a duplex that has been recently renovated with high-quality materials, ensuring a modern and well-maintained interior. It features a fully equipped open kitchen, a bathroom with a shower and WC, a dedicated workspace with a desk, a laundry area, and a separate WC. The living space includes a balcony, offering an outdoor extension of the interior. The total surface area is approximately 120 m², providing ample space for comfortable living. Additional conveniences include heating by gas and a fully furnished interior suitable for immediate occupancy. The property is situated in a dynamic neighborhood with excellent access to public transportation options just outside the building. Available from June 24, 2025, this property offers a practical and attractive option for those seeking a well-located residence in Elsene. Want to know more?
Discover this exceptional mixed-use building available for rent in the vibrant neighborhood of Elsene, situated on Rue Maria Malibran. Priced at €1,150 per month, this property offers an excellent opportunity for tenants seeking a well-located and thoughtfully maintained space. The building benefits from a prime address just a short walk from the renowned Place Flagey, placing residents at the heart of Brussels’ lively cultural and social scene. With its strategic proximity to key locations such as Place du Luxembourg and the Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), accessible within 11 and 15 minutes respectively, this property combines convenience with dynamic city living. This property features a fully renovated, first-occupancy apartment located on the second floor, providing a spacious and comfortable living environment. The apartment boasts a generous layout that includes a large living room, a dining area, and a well-equipped kitchen tailored to modern needs. The sleeping quarters include a large, beautifully furnished bedroom, complemented by a bathroom with a shower and WC. The apartment is furnished, offering a move-in-ready solution for tenants who value comfort and style. Practical amenities are also included, such as the possibility to park a bicycle in the entrance hall and secured access via a personalized code at the front door, adding to the convenience and security of daily life. The building benefits from weekly cleaning of common areas, maintained by a professional cleaning lady, ensuring a pristine environment for residents. Nestled in the lively and diverse neighborhood of Ixelles, this location offers numerous advantages for those seeking an active and engaging urban lifestyle. The area is renowned for its vibrant atmosphere, with numerous cafes, restaurants, shops, and parks within walking distance. Excellent public transport options are readily available nearby, including multiple bus and tram lines that facilitate easy access across Brussels. This neighborhood’s lively character combined with its practical amenities makes it an ideal choice for tenants who want to enjoy the cultural richness and convenience of city living. Available from August 27, 2025, this property invites prospective tenants to seize an extraordinary opportunity—schedule a viewing today to experience all that this remarkable location has to offer. Want to know more?
IXELLES – Superb partially furnished house, fully renovated, ideally located on Rue de l'Arbre Bénit 74. With a surface area of approximately 150 m², it offers a bright and pleasant living environment. The property features three spacious bedrooms ( 19 m² – 19 m² – 19 m² ) , each with its own en-suite bathroom, two fully equipped kitchens, and a large living room that combines comfort and functionality. A laundry room, two beautiful terraces, and large cellars complete this exceptional home. Prime location just steps from Avenue Louise and Place Fernand Cocq. A must-see! Want to know more?
House for Rent in Ixelles / Elsene
For those looking to rent a house in Ixelles / Elsene, there are currently about 33 available properties on the market with monthly rents averaging around €1,829. The range of rental prices varies significantly—from €620 for modest properties to €14,000 for luxury or larger homes—reflecting the variety of available options in terms of size, location, and amenities. Renting a house here offers a chance to enjoy the neighborhood’s dynamic atmosphere while benefiting from flexible living arrangements.
Houses available for rent tend to be situated close to main thoroughfares such as N5 and R20a, ensuring easy travel options throughout Brussels. Many of these homes are characterized by their historical architecture with renovated interiors that combine charm with modern comfort. They typically feature 4 to 6 rooms, making them suitable for families or professionals seeking more space than a standard apartment can provide. Some properties may also include private gardens or terraces, adding an extra layer of comfort.
The community is made up of a diverse group of tenants—about 71%—who appreciate the area’s cultural diversity and accessibility. Public transport options such as metro lines 2 and 6 or tram lines 7 and 8 make commuting straightforward. Moreover, the neighborhood's proximity to schools, shops like Carrefour and Delhaize, and green areas like Flagey Square ensures a convenient lifestyle. Renting here means enjoying all the benefits of Brussels’ cosmopolitan atmosphere without long-term commitments.